Thermal Regulation, Protective Apparel and Warmth Stress - The Exogenous Factor

Whether it's today's chemical, biological agent scare or tomorrow's first responder call, firefighters are among the chosen few who continually play Russian Roulette with their health each time they don their hazardous material suit or turnout gear and head into disaster. Each year governing committees amend standards to improve protective equipment. Yet, in spite of these good intentions, protective fabrics place an immeasurable health risk on the human body. As enigmatic as the term "heat stress" is, so is a "cure-all" solution.

Firefighters, EMTs and other first responders are well versed on the facts and remedies of the minor heat illness occurrences... heat rash, heat cramps, tetany (painful muscle spasms caused by faulty calcium metabolism or diminished parathyroid function), heat syncope (fainting) and heat exhaustion. But, it's the obscure damage that one serious heat related incident as heat stroke can cause that is shrouded in obscurity. In a 1995 Occupational Medicine article, the Cancer Registry of Norway reported a correlation between the incidence of kidney cancer and both exposure and cumulative exposure to working in hot environments and volatiles some 20 to 35 years before observation. The main findings of this study revealed heat stress and kidney cancer in the group with at least three years of total employment. A quote from this study stated, "increased risk of kidney cancer has been reported from previous studies of workers in aluminum smelters and other hot environments such as foundries and coke ovens".

Studies published in the American Journal of Medicine suggest that Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and a variety of other critical conditions associated with ARDS are also linked to heat stroke. Recently, the Center for Disease Control revealed astounding facts about Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) that resembles the chronic effects of an individual who survives heat stroke, but it doesn't end there. Medical research hints a correlation between continual exposure of heat to the body that forces the individual to near exhaustion usually results in mild to serious physiologic and neurologic aftereffects. Typically described as exhaustion and poor stamina, the underlying factor in both a severe heat illness and CFS is their pathology involving our body's cellular energy "storehouse".

Research cannot well define the dysfunction of our body's immune system when it is broached by a disruption caused by severe heat. It does, however, intimate that as our body experiences this severe disruption, our natural killer cells that fight viruses can be suppressed or deficient, compromising our immune system. Commonalities discovered between CFS and sequelae (the medical term for recurrent complications frequently noticed in individuals who recover from a severe heat illness) are:
-overall muscle discomfort, flaccid muscles, headaches and weakness
-sleep disturbances or hypersomnolence (requiring excessive sleep hours and naps)
-spatial disorientation, light headedness and dyslogia (speech impairment, reasoning, memory loss
and/or the ability to concentrate)
-chills and night sweats (a thermoregulatory problem)
-skin sensitivity and sensitivity to heat and cold
-irregular heart beat and recurrent chest and/or abdominal pain
-lowered tolerance to alcohol, irritable bowel and/or diarrhea
-weight fluctuation and menstrual cycle disruption

Our bodies are truly a complex chemical, electrical and biological organism. In the early stages of a severe heat illness, at the cellular level, tremendous hyperactivity and abnormalities are taking place. Excessive heat exposure radically denatures proteins, lipoproteins and phospholipids; it liquifies membranes and provokes electrolyte abnormalities that ultimately leads to cardiovascular collapse, multi-organ failure and finally death. Lipids (one of the principal structural materials of living cells) are transported by the lipoproteins throughout the blood, so disruption of our cells is most definitely not a good thing. As we destroy the lipo-proteins that sheath the myelin in the neurotransmitters (nerve fibers), we impair our communication central processing system. Potassium is essential for muscular contraction and function of the heart, skeletal and smooth internal organ muscles, as well as the osmotic pressure and ionic electrical balance. As heat stress persists, potassium levels peak and wane as muscle damage occurs. As these minerals work together to facilitate one another, abnormal levels of calcium, potassium, magnesium and phosphates could become significant enough to cause hypertension (persistent high blood pressure), cardiac arrhythmias or tachycardia (irregular or elevated heart rate) or be the precursor to mild stroke and require immediate treatment.

As our electrolytes become imbalanced, the onset of vomiting and diarrhea can occur. If excess sweating has occurred, the level of sodium usually measures high unless plenty of water without sodium replenishment was previously ingested. Sodium helps maintain osmotic pressure of extracellular fluid, gastrointestinal absorption of certain sugars and proteins, cell permeability and muscle function. Liver damage is a consistent finding and hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) is very common and may be incited by liver failure.

Hemodynamic reports (the study of the forces involved in blood circulation) reveal in severe dehydration cases, abnormal coagulation occurs altering amino acids and causes cerebral edema (excess fluid in the brain cells or tissues). Prolonged intravascular coagulation or loss of blood to the lungs incites damage to the lung tissues and may predispose people to develop pulmonary problems like ARDS. Once this occurs, individuals require more positive inhalation pressure via mechanical ventilation.

Serious heat damage to the body is often associated with endotoxemia (the presence of endotoxins in the blood and tissues) that form an integral part of the cell wall of certain bacteria and are released when the cell destructs. Blood hemorrhaging in the skin (red bumps) can occur followed by blood in the urine. As dehydration increases, the viscosity of the blood changes (from oxygen rich, easily perfused fluid to a sludge-like substance). Vascular tone and capacity, in turn, alter blood pressure and cardiac output. If left untreated, the heart becomes tired and quits. Neurologic complications vary from mental disorientation to delirium, unconsciousness, convulsions or a comatose state (displaying similar symptoms to that of sustaining a serious head injury). Those individuals may require tomography scans to determine the level of Central Nervous System (CNS) damage.

Nerve damage can be as subtle to recovering heat stroke victims as partial or permanent anhidrosis (cessation of sweating). From thereon, the individual's ability to maintain thermal equilibrium may be compromised, especially when faced with heat stress conditions. Irreparable damage to the body's heat-dissipating bodily mechanisms may be noted along with muscle coordination may be weak and affected in some or all quadrants of the body. One's equilibrium and hand-eye coordination may be off. In some cases, lack of nerve conductivity in the lower limbs may also be noted.

Neurologic disorders during the progression of heat related illnesses are further complicated by release of adrenaline (epinephrine- the most potent stimulant of our sympathetic nervous system). Adrenaline stress is extremely prevalent in high-risk occupations where tension, fear, anger, excitement and life threatening situations occur. Release of adrenaline changes the physiological responses and causes a magnitude of complex reactions including, but not limited to increased blood pressure, heart rate and force of blood vessel contraction, relaxation of bronchiolar and intestinal smooth muscles and other metabolic effects. According to John LoZito, Neurologist, a release of some adrenaline is good, but needless adrenaline incites hyperactivity akin to dropping a fuel drum on a bonfire further increasing susceptibility for more serious maladies: stroke, cardiac stress, etc.

Extreme dehydration causes retention of carcinogens and an imbalance of myoglobin (oxygen carrying proteins) in prominent organs like the bladder and colon. Progressive loss of fluid prevents diluting and flushing of these toxins, predisposes one for constipation and urinary tract infections, as well as bladder and colon cancer. Kidney stones may form more readily as calcium, uric acid and other substances become concentrated and form crystals due to fluid loss. Advanced heat stress damage incites sudden rhabdomolysis and intramuscular necrosis (destroying skeletal muscles and decay of muscle tissue also known as muscle wasting).

Researchers have long purported good fluid intake neutralizes the cavity causing acids, flushes away sugar and inhibits the microorganisms that cause gum disease and other oral hygiene problems. For individuals afflicted with asthma, drying of the nose membranes, throat and lung tissues presumably incite more asthma attacks than with hydrated tissues or humid weather. Dehydration, measuring as little as one percent of one's body weight in non-heat stress conditions can be the cause for headaches, fatigue, muscle cramps and the overall "blah" feeling. A net water loss of as little as four percent of one's body weight can cause blood pressure to plummet quickly. These and a host of other disorders make simple nausea and headaches just a walk in the park.

The typical information from organizations like the National Institute of Health, OSHA, NIOSH, CDC, Worksafe Australia and others do not reflect the pathophysiology of how heat stress affects our body at the cellular level. Medical science has just begun to unravel the baneful mysteries of bodily reaction to heat, unfortunately many times after the fact.

The Effects of Medication and Drugs:
The picture becomes more complicated when diet pills, diuretics, over-the-counter cold and flu remedies, and pain medication have been ingested on individuals succumbing to a heat stress illness. Antihistamines, decongestants and remedies containing alcohol act to dry up the mucous membranes and decrease sweat gland secretion, causing further dehydration. Caffeine and herbal stimulants incite the bladder and heart rate, while sleep aids can dull the senses and motor skills and can linger in the body for as long as 24 hours. Individuals diagnosed with diabetes, hypoglycemia or anemia and other undetected maladies (atherosclerosis and other vascular diseases) negatively alter the equation for maintaining thermal regulation. Age, malnutrition, impaired health, adiposity (excess body fat), prior fatigue, lack of proper sleep, or previous or repeated episodes of heat-related illnesses all play a vital role in predisposing individuals to the negative effects of heat stress. Individuals with a previous head injury or nerve damage, underactive thyroid, hypertension or smoke heavily are potentially more susceptible to heat stress.

During the past decade, I have collected data from innumerable sources: pathology and medical reports, insurance and government labor statistics, Department of Defense (DOD) and University sponsored epidemiological studies on Gulf War soldiers, and a myriad of information from institutes around the world. All have revealed astonishing facts. The most notable fact is best stated by my long-time mentor, John LoZito, Neurologist who tutored me for several years... "what heat stresses and negative pressures your body tolerates today are not necessarily the same levels that your bodily functioning mechanisms will tolerate tomorrow... or the day thereafter."

More than two decades ago, I was a small business owner. Every day I dressed in expensive clothing, sat behind an over-sized desk and dealt with the general public from a nice air-conditioned office. Each week I faithfully attended Rotary Club meetings and networked with other business associates at all the right social events. I was a member of the Better Business Council, taught a business course at a junior college and donated more than my share of hours of community service. And one night I changed from the dress ensembles to Levi's and tee-shirts and joined my soul mate in a research and development venture to solve heat stress problems for the U.S. Armed Forces. The project initially sounded reasonable. Create a passive means of keeping ground soldiers cool, especially in desert warfare conditions, without using electricity and encumbering mechanical devices like pumps and batteries that were prone to fail at critical times. The end result must be a man portable device with temperatures that would be tolerated by the body without negative physiologic reaction.

We examined a variety of patented devices, amassed data from previous test contingents - case studies on battlefield soldiers, firefighters, miners, roughnecks, helicopter pilots, off-shore powerboat and super bike motorcycle racers, and a host of other subjects who were required to wear protective apparel under normal work conditions, many while conducting high metabolic activity in high heat indexes. We evaluated numerous laboratory test results of a variety of ice / gel, evaporative, vortex and water circulative technologies. Aside from the usual shortcomings of too cold of temperature to allow heat abstraction from an exothermic body or mechanical devices that failed at critical times, we elected to explore exotherm type, constant temperature phase-change technology. Little did we realize what a huge undertaking this project would become. During the three and a half years of research and development, I was fortunate to have been tutored by some terrific medical doctors. I spent an inordinate amount of time in sports rehabilitation facilities like Alabama Sports Medicine (where athletes earning seven figures go for major surgery), HealthSouth, and Atlantic Orthopaedic. My thirst for knowledge on this subject was not limited to humans. I also visited armed forces working dog kennels and Churchill Downs horse track in an attempt to better understand optimum healing temperatures.

According to the United States Sports Academy the perfect temperature for optimum healing in prolonged cryotherapy for return to function is 50 degrees F (10 degrees C). Devices that could maintain that temperature would not cause negative physiologic reaction, vasoconstriction, soft tissue damage, cold shock or frostbite. Rather, this temperature also thwarted the onset of histamine production, swelling and fluid retention to the affected tissue. Hence, this lead to a starting point for understanding how to reduce heat stress in humans by first understanding of how our bodies reacted to temperature variation. Further, I learned about the negative affects/effects prolonged heat exposure has to individuals afflicted with heat intolerant diseases like Multiple Sclerosis, Ichthyosis and other neurological and related skin disorders that thwart an individual's ability to sweat or regulate their temperature naturally.

Today's Achilles Heel:
The serious heat related ailment is described as either Classic or Exertional Heat Stroke (EHS). The latter, common among firefighters and people who conduct high metabolic activity, is highly morbid. Classic Heat Stroke (CHS) is common among sedentary or elderly people, obese, chronically ill, or individuals with advanced heart disease who are exposed to high ambient temperatures, but aren't necessarily exercising in this environment. On the other hand, EHS is accelerated when personal protective equipment (PPE) alters the equation of balancing heat gain against heat loss in an incubative environment like firefighting, mining, smelting etc. EHS victims can display the same acute symptoms of classic heat stroke, but many may continue to sweat. Terms like micro-environmental temperature zone (MTZ), moisture vapor transfer rate (MVTR), intense temperature differential (ITD), sweat fog, work tolerance time (WTT), and latent heat of vaporization all work in concert against you when wearing impermeable chemical suits, turnout gear and a variety of protective fabrics with little or no porosity. Synonymous with HazMat suits, MTZ is defined as the continual rise in the temperature of the latent heat trapped inside the encapsulated apparel when caloric activity occurs and vaporization of moisture is not attainable, creating a thermal burden-the rainforest effect.

A major chemical corporation and the University of Central Florida conducted a 90-day test in a laboratory on how garments interfered with the body's cooling mechanisms. Different garments in weight and porosity were worn by subjects walking on a treadmill until their core temperature reached 101 degrees F. The conclusions - simple cotton clothing can inhibit the MVTR by as much as 20 percent, while fire retardant clothing (contingent upon its porosity, denier weight, color and chemical additive) increases the thermal burden and decreases the MVTR. Researchers continually strive to increase safety while reducing health risks associated with the wearing of protective fabrics.

While testing on treadmills may result in good data in controlled environments, walking on a treadmill in controlled conditions does not emulate the exacting metabolic stress on the body when lifting heavy objects in real life situations, further complicated by wearing protective apparel. A study of threshold limit values in the workplace reveal that even wearing the lightest of garments, heat stress threshold action limits (where individuals core temperature rises to 38 degrees C before requiring treatment) are exceeded in most U.S. cities each summer. The heat wave of July 1999 (in the chemical valley) in Sarnia, Ontario lasted for several days. Two workers lost their lives due to heat stroke while wearing protective coveralls as required by their occupation. Both individuals were in their middle ages and had previous exposure to this type of environment throughout theirworking career.

Balancing heat stress while complying with safety regulations is a dual edged sword. In July of 1998, at the Dothan, Alabama Fire Academy training grounds, I measured the intense temperature differential inside ten firefighters HazMat suits conducting routine chemical spill exercises on a hot 96 degree F day with 82 percent relative humidity. The asphalt temperature averaged 126 degrees F at 0930 hours to 132 degrees F at 1200 hours. The average ITD measured at least 20 degrees warmer than normal skin temperature inside their suits, creating an incubative environment for heat stress.

I define incubative environments as surrounding temperatures that breed heat stress in confined areas where moving air to assist in sweat evaporation, shade and other cooling means are not attainable. One such test I conducted was with the shuttle rescue Black Hawk helicopter crew stationed at Patrick Air Force Base, Florida. These pilots have little means of recirculating cool air while flying nap of the earth at low altitudes. They must wear fire retardant flight suits, further reducing the MVTR as well as a full head helmet, trapping more heat that the body's radiator wants to dissipate. I suspected it would be a highly incubative environment and was interested in determining the ITD these pilots might experience on a normal mission.

The helicopter faced south to gain maximum UV exposure for the six-hour test. At 0800, I placed a sunscreen in the window and a thermometer on the floor shaded from direct sun. At 0900 hours, I took a digital reading of the outside air temperature (OAT) as 92 degrees F. At 0900, the inside thermometer shaded from direct sun measured 99 degrees F. At 1300 hours, the shaded thermometer read 108 degrees F. I removed the sunscreen and moved the thermometer to the seat exposed to direct sun. At 1303 hours, three minutes after removal of the sunscreen, the thermometer measured 115 degrees F. At 1306 hours, the thermometer measured 129 degrees F. Later that afternoon, after 30 minutes of flying into direct sunlight at an altitude of 1000 feet, the sustained cockpit temperature measured 109 degrees F where the OAT at that altitude measured 94 degrees F.

A few years ago, I attended a special military conference held at the U.S. Marine Corps Chemical Biological Incident Response Force (CBIRF) Headquarters at Indian Head, Maryland. The purpose of the conference was to acquaint the military with off-the-shelf solutions to the age-old problem of heat stress. Hence, I briefed key Marine Corps individuals about the most suitable solution- a myriad of HTF exotherm type cooling devices that had been scientifically proven to increase WTT by 22%, while maintaining normal body vitals, as possible solutions to heat stress for some in-field applications. After the bombing of Khobar towers in 1996, the joint armed forces employ more working canines on perimeter security patrol. Desert conditions pose an extreme health hazard to working dogs, as they do not have the bodily means to expel heat readily like humans. After a technology briefing and demonstration of the HTF exotherm technology, I was approached by an engineer from a company who was promoting their new ingestible, non-soluble "thermosensor" being tested by the Navy Seals. When swallowed, this device would directly transmit thermosensory information to the Corpsman when one's core temperature reached 39 degrees C.

The engineer purported that this device could be the answer to reducing heat stress in the field. So I asked him the proverbial question. "Let's say you're on a covert operation in Central America where the heat index averages 100 degrees F and higher. You're carrying only 40 pounds of weapons, radios and extra gear. You must keep your camouflage BDUs on for protection against insect bites, snakes and the like. The heat and humidity, coupled with simple walking in the jungle will increase your core temperature quickly, by one or more degrees. What will this thermosensor device accomplish if remedies can't be implemented the moment the alarm signals?" He replied that they conducted testing in a laboratory on treadmills. "Why the treadmill?" I asked. "Well, because it measures cardiovascular output."

In turn I asked, "have you ever watched a decon team wearing MOPP2/4 gear or JS-List Overgarments during a chem/bio warfare exercise lift the dead weight of an apparently unconscious 180 pound person lying on the ground and carry that individual to a decontamination tent some 40 yards away... and then do this hurriedly thirty or more times representing a bio-chemical agent incident?" Ah, no. "Are you aware of the exponential increase in metabolic energy required to lift an object versus just walking to increase one's heart rate?" Not really. "Do you know what bodily heat is trapped inside this chemical suit in a heat index of 95 degrees F when this individual is carrying people and breathing filtered air?" "No, but the sensor tells the individual to immediately hydrate." "Wouldn't he also have to be decontaminated first before breaking the veil and exposing himself to the environment which delays rehydrating?" He walked away in silence.

OSHA and other organizations purport utilizing measuring devices like Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) and other heat stress monitoring equipment as a good means of knowing the environment you're facing. However, WBGT and other devices cannot measure the decrement in mental and physical performance that results in a lower margin of safety and increased potential of errors of pilots and other personnel when placed in incubative situations. Just as each of us are unique as our DNA, so will our WTT vary from day to day and task to task, especially so when protective apparel and nonporous fabrics are introduced in the equation.

Aboard the submarine tender the U.S.S. Frank Cable, due to heat radiating off the engines and equipment in their boiler/engine rooms and adjacent operational rooms, the sustained room temperature averages 96 degrees F to 99 degrees F on most days. The safety director at Electric Boat, builders of the Wolf Class submarine, report that their welders, plumbers and electricians were the top three job classifications to report recurrent heat stress illnesses. They predominantly worked in confined spaces the size of a Magnetic Resonance Imaging tube wearing fire retardant coveralls. During industrial training week in July 1996 at Texas A&M Firefighting Academy, I gained great empathy for the firefighters from Canada that were not acclimated to Texas heat and humidity. All seven first aid tents were kept busy ferrying heat stress cases to a more suitable location for treatment.

During February of 1998, I conducted six heat stress awareness seminars around Australia beginning in Perth, working my way around the continent to Sydney. During that time, I was invited to tour the world's largest deep copper mine in northwestern Queensland, in the heart of the outback. Mount Isa Mine mines four minerals in close proximity - copper, silver, lead and zinc where approximately 35,000 tons of ore are produced daily in this labyrinth whose tunnels extend well in excess of 500 km and at a depth well over 1760 meters. After completing a medical questionnaire, I rode the double-decker lift with 180 workers to the primary sub-level for my briefing. The first oral instruction was to advise me that the best temperature, as good as it gets, averages 41 degrees C year-round.... the kind of environment that incubates heat related illnesses. The previous day, during my on-site heat stress seminar, MIM ventilation coordinator Tony Nixon, reported 28 heat stress casualties occurred during January, almost one per day. To better comprehend work tolerance time, environmental temperatures, air current and other workplace variables, I had to experience it for myself. Although MIM boasts 19 shafts, 14 dedicated to ventilation, the temperature of the air blowing in the shafts was slightly warmer than average skin temperature so excess heat gained by convection was inevitable.

Donned in high denier coveralls and 18 pounds of equipment, I set out to explore the darkness over one mile down. Accompanied by a safety coordinator, we walked and rode in transport vehicles to expose me to a multitude of work situations. Occasionally, I would put on the filter mask to avoid breathing diesel fumes and fine particulate dust. The temperature was unforgiving. Near the stoking areas, the radiant heat approached 60 degrees C. Workers averaged 12 to 15 minutes in this sector, returning red-faced, drenched in sweat, fatigued and dehydrated. Had I not been wearing the HTF exotherm cooling solution of the armed forces research project, I too would have succumbed to heat stress after over four and one-half hours in that environment.

The Physiological Benefits of HTF (Heat Transfer Formula Exotherm) Cooling:
Based on substantial medical research, the unique Heat Transfer Formula (HTF) temperature of 55 degrees F for specific use in personal body cooling has unequivocally proven its effectiveness in greatly reducing the symptoms and effects associated with heat related illnesses. Primarily, this optimum temperature does not cause vasoconstriction or the "thermal shock syndrome" generally felt when exposed to the cold temperatures of ice and gel. Thermogenesis (rapid heat production through shivering) is not incited when this optimum temperature is held in close contact (thermal communication) with the body. Rather, this temperature allows for quick acclimatization, accompanied by a comfortable cool sensation felt on the peripheral skin areas, further inducing heat abstraction from the torso.

First acting as a heat sink, this 55 degree F temperature abstracts excess body heat gained through metabolic activity and/or micro-environmental temperatures created when donning personal protective apparel. The blood carried throughout the peripheral vessels and surrounding soft tissues expel the latent heat and become cooler as more and more heat is abstracted from the surface area. Consequently, recirculating cooler blood back throughout the venous return thwarts additional concomitant hyperactivity among the body's vitals required to meet the demands of thermal regulation. As cooler blood continually irrigates the cardiovascular system, less metabolic energy is required, slowing the activity of essential body vitals (blood pressure, heart rate, pulmonary output of increased oxygen demands) as well as the latent heat of vaporization (sweating). As sweating wanes, cellular metabolic activity is reduced and less electrolyte fluids and precious minerals are forfeited resulting in a prolonged endurance factor. Since no vascular constriction is occurring, proper oxygen flow is maintained for optimum muscle function, brain activity and CNS functions.

Akin to the radiator of an engine, the optimum temperature of 55 degrees F is the cooler receptor absorbing heat from the medium closest in proximity (the human body). In this example, as the body's engine cools, less heat needs to be expelled and less stress is placed on the engine itself. Clearly, the engine and its ancillary bodily functions operate more smoothly. As more hyperactive heat is exacted by the body's cooling mechanisms when attaining thermal equilibrium, an individual's vigilance and senses remain more acute. Individuals can focus more clearly on the task at hand, not being physiologically and psychologically distracted by the uncomfortable reactions their body is experiencing as a result of trying to attain or maintain thermal equilibrium.

According to John LoZito, Neurologist, utilizing the optimum temperature of 55 degrees F in as a body management device "helps maintain the body's 'vitals'... the first technology I've seen to work in harmony with physiology to cool both the mind and body. I find this technology especially effective in high risk occupations where 'adrenaline stress' adds further negative pressures to the already stressed individual."

Former Miami Dolphins trainer, Dr. Gary Berns states, "this technology uses safe, comfortable temperatures that work in direct correlation to our body's physiological, neurological and metabolic systems. As the body cooling device absorbs the excess heat from the chest cavity or extremity, the blood flow begins to cool. As the blood cools, the sympathetic system slows down the metabolism. We then vasodilate and decrease the sympathetic outflow and turn our body into a more calm, relaxed state further reducing body vitals, i.e. blood pressure and heart rate etc. Cooling the blood flow at its source with a higher temperature medium keeps the body from adversely reacting - fighting vasoconstriction by pumping more blood through the arterial system."

To further substantiate the effectiveness of "optimum temperature" body cooling, the U. S. Air Force Operations Test & Evaluation Center (AFOTEC), now located at Kirtland AFB New Mexico, in conjunction with Alamo Medical Research Institute conducted an extensive 10-day instrumented evaluation of this HTF Exotherm type cooling device. This technology was studied to determine the utility of these one-of-a-kind Heat Transfer Formula Exotherm Type body cooling devices for sole source inclusion for procurement worldwide. Ten male firefighters with medical clearance for unrestricted duty from San Antonio, Texas volunteered to participate in this study. Laboratory testing was conducted to baseline test participants' physical condition to quantitatively evaluate the physiological benefits of wearing the HTF constant temperature body cooling vests in high heat, high exertion environments versus not wearing a body cooling device.

The end report compared the work tolerance time (WTT) findings of wearing the HTF exotherm cooling device versus not wearing any cooling device as stated below.

AFOTEC Conclusions:
-A 22% increase in the firefighter's work time (WTT) performance was noted.

-No significant change in core body temperatures, blood pressure or heart rates.

-Reduced recovery time for those who put the vest on after completing task.

-Test participants comfort levels were rated higher.

-Slower build up of core body temperature.

Burley Nomad Bike Trailer from Burley Design

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Building A Motorbike Trailer

If you possess the requirement for a motorbike trailer, but don't wish to spend lots of cash on a single, then you need to consider building one yourself. It could appear just a little daunting in the beginning, but making your personal motorcycle trailer is simple and it is very rewarding too. It is possible quite inexpensively and, with respect to the method you select, it may be completed in only a couple of days. Read onto learn to develop a motorcycle trailer.

The first option in building a motorbike trailer is to find a freight trailer and add alternatively parts yourself. This method may be the simplest and you may purchase these kinds of trailers for much under full motorcycle trailers. These come in an array of dimensions too. Frequently these trailers are just a few $ 100 for any small or medium-sized one. You will need to spend a bit more if you prefer a bigger trailer, obviously. These trailers must be put together upon arrival, but by using the instructions you need to have the ability to get it completed in under 1 week.

The 2nd part of building a motorbike trailer would be to add some enclosed part. After you have bought your freight trailer, you've got a couple of choices for including the relaxation. One option is to find a vehicle top company. They are affordable and add in regards to a vehicle trunk-sized quantity of space. If you opt to purchase a more compact trailer, you can just give a cooler along with a couple of other activities tied lower, like a tent or bicycle. You need to use sturdy chains to connect these products and try out the soundness at reduced speeds prior to trying to visit lengthy distances.

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Selecting 40th Birthday Celebration Favors

The 40th birthday is among the most celebrated occasions within our culture today. You will find many aspects to tossing an excellent party, such as choosing party favors for the visitors. Here are a few party favor ideas, in addition to items to consider, that will help you help make your favor selection.

Keep the visitors in your mind. Here are a few inquiries to request yourself: Who definitely are attending? Am I Going To be inviting males and ladies? How about children? You need to give favors that will attract all visitors. Some well-intentioned hosts hand out favors like votive candle lights or glass keepsakes. Nearly all women like them, most males toss them, and kids should not genuinely have them.

Relate the favors towards the guest of recognition. Just about everyone has an interest, whether it's a spare time activity, interest or profession. The guest of recognition will appreciate that you simply were kind enough to incorporate what she or he likes included in the party favors. My pal Jon is really a motorcycle fanatic, so for his 40th birthday celebration favors, we purchased chocolate motorcycles with personalized ribbon. Everybody loved them.

Inside my sister's 40 th birthday celebration we asked her nearest girl buddies coupled with a wine, cheese, and dessert party (my sister loves a great glass of vino!). Upon departing each guest was handed an attractive gift bag which had a wine bottle (one which we'd offered that evening), a little box of chocolate truffles and some wine coasters.

Finally, my pal Kathy is really a movie aficionado. Since we made the decision to ask mostly families to her celebration, we gave each family a popcorn bag full of a couple of packages of microwave popcorn along with a gift certificate to a common movie rental store.

You can buy favors in the last second. Since parties are frequently planned in the last second, you could purchase your guest of honor's favorite chocolate or sweet at the local discount, warehouse, bakery or supermarket. Put the treat in decorative bags and, if you're handy using the computer and printer, place a personalized sticker around the bag.

Everybody likes to get a gift. Guy, lady or child - we all like obtain things. Especially stuff that are available in pretty packages. Regardless of how large or small the favor is - it can make the recipient feel that they're special So finish the party on an optimistic note by delivering your visitors after some something that states "thanks - we are glad you had been aroundInch.

By upholding your visitors in your mind and integrating the interests and tastes from the guest of recognition, your 40 th birthday celebration favors are certain to be considered a hit.

The CycleShelter Portable Motorcycle Shelter

Ok... Here's the scene: You are driving through Weir's Beach for Laconia, NH Bike Week, also it begins to rain just like you are parking your motorcycle. Dirt is splashing... on everybody else's bike - although not yours!

That is because your bike - together with your custom fresh paint job - is nicely hidden right into a nice lightweight, transportable shelter. You might be outdoors while it is raining getting drenched, but a minimum of your valued bike is nice dry. And individuals are providing serious cash for the shelter!

Well... ok, maybe that's going too much within the fantasy! But, individuals are most likely asking in which you got that great tent!

Initially, the tent-like motorcycle animal shelters you might be seeing appearing at various motorcycle rallies across the nation may seem like little too lightweight to provide any real protection for your motorcycle. In the end, you actually can't anchor them permanently lower in to the ground as if you can along with other temporary or portable garages, and also the materials are light. Actually, if you feel these animal shelters seem like an outdoor camping tent, you are right!

The shelter I am mentioning to is known as the CycleShelter, and contains a light-weight marine fabric floor, along with a dome-like cover the user pulls up and also over the motorcycle within an accordion fashion. You will find other, similar style animal shelters which go by different brands and that are offered all over the net.

So,the main objection to those animal shelters seems to become that they're not meant for extended use instead of a more durable, more permanent cover. More particularly, if you're looking for something to keep your bike in outdoors for several weeks on finish, through snow and wind, you might like to consider something just a little more powerful along with a little heavier that may be moored firmly down.

But, if you're searching for a pet shelter or cover you are able to carry along with you directly on your bike, and which may be put together or taken lower fairly rapidly, the CycleShelter may suit you perfectly. You'll have it at the tips of the fingers while everybody else is grumbling by what the conditions are doing for their nice chrome or fresh paint.

When you are traveling, or when you are in a rally plus you've got your bike parked at Weirs Beach (or Daytona or any other rallies!) and do not need it drenched or sand-blasted all over again, these animal shelters can be their worth again and again. There won't be any puddles within the saddlebags, no wet seats, with no HOT seats (after being parked under the sun all day long).

When you are back in your own home, you should use your motorcycle shelter in your front yard or yard - again, recalling that these aren't as sturdy as another portable garages are for lengthy-term use. Technology-not only inside wherever you store your bike within the winter, and there won't be any material getting in touch with your custom fresh paint job.

If you're thinking about purchasing one of these simple animal shelters, bear in mind the particular size of your bike. The maker from the shelter will probably publish the length of the shelter, but you will have to make certain they fit your personal bike. Always appraise the absolute greatest, longest and largest points (for instance, outermost points from the mirrors). You wouldn't wish to stress the material by getting areas of the bike pushing from the shelter throughout storage.

Finally, and never to obtain off the topic of sheltering your beautiful motorcycle, however the more I take a look at them, the greater these portable structures seem like only the ticket for storing other toys too! I am already visualizing lawn furniture, grills, and bicycles inside them!

Big Agnes King Creek 6 Person Base Camp Tent from Big Agnes

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With our most recent product Big Agnes King Creek 6 Person Base Camp Tent is excellent for each and every home. They are a lot of items all more than the world wide web for you to select, nonetheless our product is one of the most well-known selection inside the industry in the moment. Maximum top quality researching is our purpose for a really extended time. We have been establishing several items for a client around the globe. Gathering probably the most effective material from everywhere to create Big Agnes King Creek 6 Person Base Camp Tent accomplish could be the most productive item for client like you.

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List Price : $469.95

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Durable polyester floor with waterproof polyurethane coating. Includes 17 superlight aluminum stakes. Features interior mesh pockets to organize gear. All dac-poles made from TH72M aluminum in latest technology. Mesh body offers excellent ventilation.

Feature

• Three-season, free-standing, deluxe car/base camping tent with large front vestibule; sleeps 6 campers
• Two large D-style doors; one 110.25-square foot vestibule; one 11-square foot vestibule
• 86.5 square feet of interior area; 72-inch ceiling height; multiple configuration options
• 1500-millimeter waterproof floor and fly; lightweight and breathable tent body; fully taped seams
• Convenient briefcase style carry bag; lifetime warranty

Packing Up for any Lengthy Motorcycle Trip

Weeks before I’m ready to leave on a long motorcycle trip, I start getting excited. Often I get to the point where I can think of anything else. Unfortunately, this doesn’t mean that I spend the time getting prepared for it. I usually put this off to the very end. I’ve learned however over the years that this means that my packing never matches what I will really need for the trip. Proof, last year I was in Sturgis with nothing more than a sweatshirt and leather vest riding around in 45 to 55 degree weather. DUMB MOVE.
Anyway, to try to avoid that I’ve started putting a list together of the stuff I need to pack for every trip and where I want to store it on the motorcycle. To help me build the list I put everything in categories to help keep it a little more organized. The categories I use are:
Things to keep the Motorcycle Rolling Things to keep the Motorcycle Secure Things to keep the rider going Protective clothing and gear (Riding Gear) Hygiene Camping Equipment Miscellaneous Stuff
Things to keep the Motorcycle Rolling

Regardless of your mechanical skills, on long trips you will usually end up having to fix something on your motorcycle. It’s just the nature of motorcycles. At a bare minimum I always carry tire patch and CO2 cartridges to perform those road side tire problems and hope I don’t have far to go till the next motorcycle shop. If the shop is a fair distance away you should have tools that would allow you to remove the tire and hitch a ride. Since I ride a Harley Davidson (not balanced and not rubber-mounted) I always carry a complete set of wrenches, Torx, and Allen wrenches, along with a bottle of LocTite to tighten up those parts that think it would be better to end up on the side of the road. I also carry a small multi-tool that includes a small LED flashlight because it seems I always breakdown after dark. In my tool pouch you can almost (important word there) always find extra fuses, an extra sparkplug and extra light bulbs. And the two most important things, zip ties and electrical tape. After all with those you can fix just about anything that would keep you from making it down the road. I’ve found that for most brands of motorcycles you can find pre-packaged tool pouches that have a good set of tools lined up for you. Sometimes the quality of the tools may be questionable, but hey all they’re going to do is ride around in your saddlebags and they’ll do in a pinch.

Things to keep the Motorcycle Secure

If you plan your trips like me (NOT) you don’t always end up staying at the most reputable establishments. It’s always a good idea to lock your bike and have some way of locking the wheels. At least that way you’ll keep the lazy motorcycle thieves from getting away with your bike. I always carry two keys for every lock with me when I travel. There’s the ones that I carry in my pocket or attached to my belt, and the ones I carry deep in my bag for when I lose the other ones. As for disc lock I really recommend them. They are small, strong and provide a pretty good deterrent. They don’t however address the case where someone comes with a lift and just hauls your bike away. For that you need to carry a heavy duty cable or chain lock to tie your bike to a solid structure. I personally don’t like these due to the bulk and weight that they add to the saddlebags, but then I have pretty good insurance to replace the motorcycle if it’s stolen.

Things to keep the rider going

Taking care of the rider is every bit, if not more so, important as keeping the motorcycle going. When we are out there in the wind there are millions of things that affect our ability to be comfortable and safe. Some of these I’ve discussed in other articles. First and foremost we need to make sure that we are protected from the sun. Getting sunburned on your arms, hands and face can absolutely ruin a good day of riding. I carry a stick sunscreen that has a SPF-30 rating and is waterproof and dries instantly. I use it on any skin that I have exposed to the sun. In addition I always carry a lip balm. Chapped lips can be a very painful thing on the road.

Both sunburn and chapped lips can sneak up on you without you being aware of it. Other things that I pack are a first aid kit that includes bandages, pain reliever and antiseptic ointments. Injuries on the road can become infected very easy due to the road grim that we are constantly hit by.

Perhaps my most important piece of equipment is my cell phone. I always carry that with me and make sure that it’s always charged. Today, there is probably no piece of equipment that is more important than a cell phone in case of emergency. I usually carry a charger for use at night and a 12v car charger. Luckily I’ve installed a lighter on my motorcycle that allows me to charge my phone from the bike. This way I never have to worry about being stranded with a dead phone.

While I’m talking about phones, please make sure that you have I.C.E. number coded into your address book on the phone. I.C.E. numbers are the first thing that emergency workers will look for In Case of Emergency. Having these number(s) in your phone can greatly increase your chances of getting proper medical care. Two basic considerations for the numbers should be:
Make sure the numbers are current. It won’t do any good to have a number that is no longer valid specified as your ICE. Make sure that the person that answers that call has some basic knowledge about your medical history. Things like known allergies, blood type and doctors’ name. By providing this basic information the emergency medical workers will be able to make much more informed decisions.
Protective clothing and gear (Riding Gear)

On long trips you are most likely going to hit every kind of conceivable weather. No matter how hot it may get in the middle of that sunny summer day, there’s probably some cold miserable weather waiting out there for you. If you’re in the middle of the desert you’re sure to run into some rain. After all you are on a motorcycle. To be prepared, I save all of the space in my saddlebags for riding gear. My usual list is:
My colors. Can’t ride a bike without those. Leather Jacket preferably one that has a removable lining and good ventilation. Chaps. Make sure they fit well and are in good condition. Fingerless gloves and full fingered gloves A couple of extra doo rags. I’m always losing those things. Face mask of some sort. I’ve got a windshield on my bike and that protects me most of the time but in heavy rain, hail and the cold a neoprene face mask really helps. Sunglasses and/or goggles. I personally like the convertible combos, which can change from sunglasses to goggles and have interchangeable lenses. My personal favorites are the SG-1 from WileyX. Rain Suit. One of those cheap sets from Wally World won’t do. Sure they may keep you dry for awhile, but more often than not you’ll get 30 miles down the road and the suit will be flying behind you like streamers. Don’t skimp here. A couple of bandannas will always come in handy. If the weather is going to be extremely hot then a polymer crystal cooling bandanna is a great piece of gear to be carrying. I usually carry this in a small baggie that helps keep it fresh and keeps other things from getting wet from it when not in use.

Of course as has been said millions of times “Dressing in layers is the way to go”. Being able to add layers and take off layers can substantially add to your riding comfort. As far as clothing is concerned keep it to a minimum. Carry enough for a few days and plan wash stops into your trip. This will help keep your load manageable. The key is to pack for all the conditions you are likely to run into but keep the load as sparse as possible. Get creative and figure out multiple uses for different pieces of clothing and the best way to extend the wear-ability of the clothes. After all if you get caught in the rain without your rainsuit, those clothes are good for another day. Aren’t they?

Hygiene

Even a scummy old biker like me likes to clean up every once in awhile. And since I often alternate between camping and motels I carry things to wash up with. These would include a towel, washcloth and those little bars of soap and bottles of shampoo you can get at most motels. It helps that in my day job I travel all the time so I’ve got a life time supply of those.

I’m also trying to keep the last few remaining teeth that I have so that means I have to carry my toothbrush and toothpaste. Since I’ve got long hair I have to carry a brush to get the rat’s nest that forms in my hair every day out. Usually on long trips I don’t shave, but I always have a razor with me. I just use the soap to lather up on my face instead of carrying shaving cream.

One last item you should never leave without is toilet paper. There’s nothing worse than suddenly needing it when you’re out on the road and not having it. I usually start out with a small quantity which would take care of the duties a couple of times. If I end up using that up, I usually restock courtesy of the next gas stop or hotel.

All of this is carried in a small bag that I always have packed so I never have to worry about it. If I use something, I replace it and it’s a thoughtless act to throw that in the T-Bags.

Camping Equipment

Camping equipment is probably one of the hardest things to carry and pack on a motorcycle. This is based mostly on the fact that it usually bulky and doesn’t necessarily pack down real well. Even when they pack down the bags seem to be longer than you would want. They usually end up being to tall if you tie them on standing up, or to wide if you try to have them laying down.

For a tent, I’ve found that the small two man dome tents work best. They are easy to set up, have plenty of room to spread out in at night (if there’s only one person in it), and they pack down pretty nice. My tent originally came in a flimsy nylon bag that I knew would hold up to rolling down the road so I replaced the bag with a sturdier one. My tent is usually bungeed onto my T-Bag and additional one to attach it to the motorcycle.

On the other side of the T-Bag, I have my mattress. As the years have gone by that ground has gotten harder and harder. I use one of those self-inflating mattresses that blow themselves up. While they’re not the most comfortable, it sure beat sleeping on the ground. In the morning all you have to do is open the valve, roll it up and it’s ready to go. I got a bag to carry the mattress in too.

Miscellaneous Stuff

I’ve always found that carrying cameras on a motorcycle trip can be a pain. The old styles (film based) have a tendency to take up to much space. And the digital camera require to much accessory stuff, like chargers, place to download the pictures and such. For a while I was carrying Advantix cameras, since they can be relatively small and take good quality pictures. Now I’ve never been a fan of the panoramic views but that is available on them. I’m now carrying a digital camera and have bought several different memory cards for it. This way I can use the cards like regular film and don’t have to carry all the stuff to download the pictures until I get home.

Other important items are a wallet, credit cards and money. Can’t keep going without these. And the one thing that I consider the most important, a notebook and pens. When I’m on a trip it’s great to be able to keep notes about what you saw, how the motorcycle was running, where I stayed and interesting characters I meet along the way. It’s also important cause if you’re like me and suffer from CRAFT disease (write me if you want to know what that stands for) it’s a great way to refresh your memories of the trip years from now.

Now that the bike’s all loaded up one last thing to remember is that with all the additional weight of the stuff you’re carrying the motorcycle is likely to handle differently. Remember to try to keep the weight as low and as close to the center of the motorcycle as possible. This will help keep the front wheel from getting to light or making the motorcycle a little top heavy. Make sure everything is strapped on real well. Good straps and bungies will give you a good dose of peace of mind knowing that your load is secure.

Be Safe … Enjoy the Ride

Tools

[http://www.bikerwares.com]

Exactly What Is A Fuse? And Just How To Check It

A fuse is an extremely thin wire, which either touches or vaporizes when an excessive amount of current flows through it. The skinny wire might be made from aluminum, container-covered copper or nickel. The resulting open within the circuit stops current flow. In electronics, most fuses are round glass or ceramic type having a metal cap each and every finish! The present rating is also observed in among the two metal finish caps. You will find two popular physical dimensions: 1 - ¼ X ¼ " and 5X20mm. The Fir - ¼ X ¼ " dimensions are utilized in many automobiles. You will find both dimensions in lots of electronics, however the more compact 5 X 20mm is becoming more prevalent. Fuses can be found with current rankings from 1/500 Ampere to 100s of amperes.

Reason for Fuses

The objective of a fuse would be to open a digital circuit when current flow surpasses a specific amount, based on the rating from the fuse. Opening a circuit under high current conditions can help to save electronic aspects of broken and prevents getting too hot, that could result in a fire.

Kinds of Fuses

There's two fundamental kinds of fuses: fast acting and slow blow. The short acting type will open very rapidly when their unique current rating is exceeded. This will be significant for analog meter actions, which could rapidly be destroyed when an excessive amount of current flows through them, for a really short period of time. Slow blow fuse possess a coiled construction inside. They are made to open only on the ongoing overload, like a short circuit. The objective of coiled construction would be to avoid the fuse from coming on only a temporary current surge.

Don't use a sluggish blow fuse instead of a quick acting fuse. It might not open quick enough to avoid components damage within high current condition. It isn't dangerous to exchange a sluggish blow fuse having a fast-acting fuse, however it will most likely open unnecessarily every occasionally once the devices are first turn on. A blown fuse let you know something regarding your service problem. Frequently the glass situation from the fuse seems obvious, and you may still begin to see the damaged bits of the fuse element. Which means you possess the type of problem that triggers a sluggish, gradual overload around the energy supply. Some fuses even die of senior years. But when within the glass fuse is discolored, and there's no trace from the fuse element (the middle connector), you will know the middle connector was destroyed rapidly and strongly, using lots of warmth. The fault would be a short circuit or any other problem that triggered lots of current circulation very rapidly.

Is a few cases a fuse will open quick enough when there's an outburst to ensure that other components aren't broken. If this sounds like the situation, changing the fuse and among exactly the same type and rating reinstates operation. Regrettably, a good venture is available when a fuse blew, something within the circuit it had been safeguarding shorted out. Within this situation, a alternative fuse blows immediately. The blown fuse may be easily changed by a replacement, following the overload continues to be removed when enter into alternative. Only use exactly the same current and current rankings because the original. The most popular type and current rating of the fuse inside a monitor are slow blow 2A to 5A. When you purchase alternative fuses, get several - it is simple to use these while you are troubleshooting an elusive problem.

Testing Fuses

Turn the energy off and take away the fuse in the circuit to check on having a multimeter set towards the cheapest ohms range. Connect the probes to both finish from the fuse. You might look into the fuse although it still in circuit. A great fuse should demonstrated continuity or read ohm. A blown fuse is open which reads infinity around the meter.

The good thing about Sempu Island, East Java, Indonesia

Spanning from east to west over 3.9 kilometers, with beaches which are aligned with steep and lime caved coves. That's, instantly, the image of 'Pulau Sempu' situated within the eastern a part of Java Island.

'Pulau' (island) 'Sempu' is situated about 70 kilometers south of the middle of 'Malang' city, East Java. Technically, maui is really a character reservation underneath the jurisdiction from the 'BKSDA' IV (natural assets conservation station) in Malang. While from the government administrative perspective the region is incorporated within the Biru Settlement. 'Tambakrejo' Village, 'Sumbermanjing Wetan' Sub-District, Regency of 'Malang', of East Java.

The part of the island stretches 3.9 kilometers from east to west, and three.6 kilometers from north to south. The topography from the island is perfect for almost 50% comprised of hilly flatlands, with slopes varying from average to steep, at altitudes of fifty to one hundred meters above ocean level. The bigger area of the beaches aligned with steep lime rock coves, the characteristic the hawaiian islands across the Indian Sea.

This character can also be specific for that islands across the south and east of Java Island. Certainly, such terrain causes it to be hard for the anglers to moor their motorboats. But, this type of condition also decides the 'Sendang Biru' Beach, that is situated north of 'Sempu' island, has quiet waves. Due to that, this beach may be the most secure harbor across the southern stretch from the Indian Sea, and it is the biggest seafood landing place across the southern beach of Java Island.

The merits of 'Pulau Sempu' for that anglers of 'Sendang Biru' Beach truly are invaluable. Its sturdy shape with steep coves, reduce the effects of the vicious waves from the southern seas. So it's not surprising to sometimes find anglers carrying out the slalom test about this 3.9 kilometers lengthy beach using its quiet waters.

'Pulau Sempu' is separated from Java Island only with a 800 meters wide strait, also is used because the gate towards the open ocean. Its surf is relatively quiet, right for fishing, rowing, or swimming. As based on the land maps, the kind of soil in maui is of the 'litosol' compound and red brown Mediterranean, and includes the primary limestone formation.
The only real natural cave available on 'Pulau Sempu' features its own niche. The cave that's situated around 2.5 kilometers in the 'Teluk' (bay) 'Sumber' Beach lines are 25 meters above ocean level and holds causes of sweet water. The cave is 20 meters lengthy and three meters wide having a dry surface. It's highly proper spot for individuals who choose to meditate, or simply seek solitude.

Across the even steeper south side, you will find several ocean caves. The ocean caves across the east and southeast sides have grown to be the pay outs of several swallows. But, due to its highly steep location, no local anglers dare to choose the wild birds nests.

A trip to 'Pulau Sempu' seems like staying at the 'Bogor' Safari Park. Wildlife like deer's, black apes, boars, and panthers frequently teasingly mix the site visitors pathways. It's not surprising then this area frequently brings about the hunter to cleave into its forests. Based on the data in the Forest Office of East Java, the region still holds 12 types of animals, 36 types of fowls, and three types of reptiles. With this particular number of plants and creatures the control over the area, i.e. 'BKSDA' IV in 'Malang', is promoting the region right into a tourist destination.

Another originality available about this island is the presence of two ponds, the river 'Lele' and 'Segara Anakan'. At lake 'Lele' a number of colorful decorative seafood are available in abundance. While from 'Segara Anakan' it's possible to freely have a look at outdoors ocean.

You will not encounter any problems dealing with these ponds, since the 'Malang BKSDA' IV has generated footpaths from 'Teluk Semut' (Ant Bay). While to get at Lake 'Lele', a couple.3 kilometers lengthy footpaths continues to be constructed from 'Teluk Waru' and also the Whitened Sand coast, which may be covered by walking by 50 percent hrs.

Besides all individuals originality, 'Pulau Sempu' also holds other tourist points of interest such as the Whitened Sand coast, the gate for this island. Natural scenery in the Whitened Sand coast can also be not less fascinating. Came from here you can observe clearly all the fishermen's activities. A number of motorboats using its selection of adornments is visible coming and visiting the open ocean. So when dusk falls, the entire process of the sun's rays setting in to the horizon, may also be seen out of this vibrant whitened sand beach. It's also across the Whitened Sand coast the visitor's motorboats are moored before they continue your way to 'Pulau Sempu'.

Although its status is really a character reservation, the control over 'Pulau Sempu' has transformed this into an Eco-tourist destination of East Java. This really is in line indeed using the condition which holds achievable tourism possibility to be provided to vacationers. So when in comparison to another eco-tourist locations, 'Pulau Sempu' indeed still feels natural. But, it's that truly that leaves maui achievable being an Eco-tourism destination, simultaneously a location to preserve the wildlife inside it.

Other beauty that may be familiar with the 'Sempu' Island was how could go swimming in very obvious water (in 'Segara Anakan') as well as for had scuba diving hobbies managed generously to savor underwater scenery as this place have been the cultivation from the barrier reef without should be frightened to obtain pulled by wave. 'Sempu' got lake that pointed out with 'Segara Anakan'. This area more looked like small lake which was encircled his restricting high barrier stone using the open ocean, south ocean or Indonesian Ocean which has large waves. The availability water for this lake originated from hollow barrier large in the centre, which periodically presented attractive scenery spots of pounding water from the wave that bashed barrier. Water flowing joined 'Segara Anakan'.

Aside from swimming within the giant's pond, the customer may also relax inside a playing manner seaside volleyball. For your loved the climate of original character, not even close to modern existence noise, the 'Sempu' Island gave the answer, only indeed shouldn't expect had the luxurious hotel, aside from the mattress which was transported personally. Nearby same might be climbing barrier that orbited 'Segara Anakan', from on the top in our barrier often see the pounding from the wave from the open ocean that eroded the large high cliff, very beautiful indeed.

ShelterLogic 6x6x6.5 E Series Shed (Gray) by Shelter Logic

Our Latest ShelterLogic 6x6x6.5 E Series Shed (Gray) Will make Your Life Better

The moment you acquire your first ShelterLogic 6x6x6.5 E Series Shed (Gray) you probably believed it was going to save you both money and time, after all this was the whole factor behind getting a item in the first place. While it is true that those first varieties made a difference and made your life easier, at Shelter Logic we felt that it simply was not sufficient. You earned a product that was not simply likely to save you effort, but would definitely make your life far better.

Even though there are plenty of alternative ShelterLogic 6x6x6.5 E Series Shed (Gray) available today, we know that what we did is taken the most beneficial elements of all of the different products on the market and used them to create our latest edition. Something that we did notice with so many of the other items in the marketplace is that they attempt to shock you with long displays of "exclusive" options they have incorporated.

Our freshest ShelterLogic 6x6x6.5 E Series Shed (Gray) comes with its own list of capabilities, but rather than filling it up with a lots of useless options, we invested in incorporating just those which our shoppers told us they needed. Then we focused on ensuring that each one of these attributes functioned properly, to ensure you will finally have the ability to pick the one item that was designed with just one point in mind which is to save no expense to make Your Life simply that little bit better than it was.

List Price : $139.99

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Includes: Grey fitted cover, Double zippered front door panel and solid rear panel (Unless otherwise noted), Ratchet tie-downs, Auger anchors, and Steel foot plates.

Feature

• Efficient and affordable way to store ATVs, lawn/garden tractors, snowmobiles, and more
• Triple-layer, waterproof, enhanced weave polyethylene cover
• 1-3/8-inch all steel frame; Dupont powder-coated finish that prevents chipping, peeling, rust and corrosion
• ShelterLock stabilizers ensure rock solid stability
• Includes double-zippered front door and easy-to-follow instructions

Motorcycle Camping Trailers

Anyone who likes both camping and biking should have had this issue - how on the planet are you able to bring your tent and also the 120 seven odd things you absolutely need when you wish to visit camping and biking simultaneously? Well, the answer is easy - that's what motorcycle camping trailers are for.

What exactly exactly are these motorcycle camping trailers? Well, that's not so difficult. They're very lightweight trailers, having a pull-out tent, that may be drawn with a motorcycle. They're quite small when they're nicely folded away, and therefore are super easy to deal with.

Small because they are when they're folded away, they provide you with lots of space inside. You are able to pack in nearly all you need, along with a couple of things you don't need however, you think you may, too, in to the bargain.

Also, the tent is going to be connected to the trailer platform, so it won't really be resting on the floor, so you'll don't have any trouble even when out of the blue your preferred camping ground is muddy and saturated.

You are able to personalize your motorcycle camping trailer. Based on what type you choose to buy, you'll have a large amount of space for storage and space for other amenities, just like a cooler, a little portable ac, portable television - if you're not keen on toughing it, having a motorcycle camping trailer, you may enjoy the very best of both mobile phone industry's.

You will get modern motorcycle camping trailers in various styles and colors, and many of them could be mounted on any model motorcycle. You just need the best trailer hitch, which may be easily attached.

Obviously, you will find some factors that you ought to consider prior to deciding to proceed and purchase a trailer. First, you need to look into the weight from the trailer. In the end, it ought to be drawn from your bike - you need to get that one right.

Next, whenever you consider the load from the trailer, make sure you add some weight from the driver - your bike will need to take that, too. Always stay within the suggested safety limit. You are able to cut lower on the price of the trip with one of these trailers, since you does not need to visit hotels or hotels, but don't forget to calculate the additional gas consumption, since your bike needs to pull much additional weight.

Last, although not least, obtain a trailer that you will like - you'll have to spend a great deal of your time inside it and around it, so it is crucial that, aside from efficiency and practical convenience, you actually such as the trailer.

Cebu City, Philippines - The Great, Unhealthy and also the Ugly

A tourist visiting Cebu City for the first time may well be turned off by some of the city sites. The city has several world class resorts, hotels, beaches and dive sites. It also has some areas of the world's most devastating poverty. Cebu City is the capital city of the Cebu Province and it is the second largest city in the Philippines following Manila. I always feel at home in the city and lived in the city before building my home in the rural Cebu Province of Camotes Islands. Cebu City is a mix of the old and new, rich and poor, good and bad and pretty and ugly. There is also the mix of clean and really dirty or filthy. The rule for anyone going to Cebu for the first time is to not make a snap judgment.

My first trip to Cebu City was in February 2004. I went to the Philippines to meet a girl (Judith) now my wife. I flew into the Cebu-Mactan Airport and was met by Judith and one of here sisters. My flight started in Florida and the last leg of the flight was from Hong Kong. The Cebu International airport is just a little outdated, but very functional. Once outside of the airport doors I saw waves of people waiting to meet people coming off of the flight from Hong Kong. The airport was not all that busy when I arrived and I think my plane was the only arriving flight at the time. As people from my flight walk outside of the airport door they were bombarded with shuttle, taxi and V-hire greeters, all trying to get a fare. I met Judith just outside the airport doors. She, her sister and I all jumped into an old Kia Taxi and we were off to my hotel.

The taxi was old and not very well maintained. The Air conditioner didn't work and the window wouldn't go down. Of course that didn't matter as I couldn't close the door because the door latch was broken. So, I got lots of air. The hotel was about a 30 minute drive from the airport. As we traveled the city streets I saw crowded sidewalks made even more crowded by the many sidewalk vendors and street vendors. Some of the roads we traveled were moderately maintained while others were in very poor condition. The roads were crowded with many types of cars, but mostly Kia's and Hyundais. There were also a lot of Jeepneys, a Philippine traditional method of travel. A jeepney looks like a stretched army jeep with a hardtop and a large cargo area used for two benches for passenger seating. Jeepneys are normally painted with several different colors and lots of chrome. Many of the jeepneys are poorly maintained and most have bald tires and the braking systems may be questionable. Also, there were lots of small motorcycles.

After traveling just a few minutes I decided that the most dangerous vehicle in Cebu was the Jeepney, the Taxi and finally the motorcycle. The jeepney drivers tend to rule the road and stop on either side of the road to pick up or drop off passengers. I saw many jeepneys cut both lanes of traffic off just to drop off people and then saw others swerve quickly to the side of the road cutting off traffic so the driver could jump out of the jeepney to urinate along the side of the road. Taxis are no better, but pose a slightly smaller threat because the vehicles are smaller than a jeepney Motorcycles seem to be a danger only to the motorcycle driver and passengers and anyone walking along side the road or on the sidewalk. Motorcycles make their own traffic lanes on whatever little shoulder the road may have to offer or sometimes drive on the painted divider line as a narrow roadway to make an extra traffic lane for themselves. At other times I saw motorcycles throttle down sidewalks weaving around pedestrians. Yet, the pedestrians seemed little concerned of the carelessness and just continued on their way.

As we continued on our way to the hotel we drove through many different areas of the city. Some areas were very old and the buildings looked as though they were ready for demolition years ago. Many buildings and store fronts are concrete with plywood or corrugated steel sheets added to broken windows and steel bars cover the window or plywood. I can't imagine what would be worth the cost of the steel bars as the buildings were so poor. I was sure the contents within were no better. I noticed several small store fronts with one big open widow covered with chicken wire. These little stores are about the size of a small closet and there are dozen of these little stores on every street. They are called sari-sari stores and sell just a very few items such as canned fish, rice, snacks, cigarettes and so on. Most of these little stores are attached to the front of private houses and are crudely constructed of unpainted plywood and tin roofs. Most of the Sari-sari stores block the sidewalk, forcing people to walk on the road to get around the protruding plywood box. Other Sari-sari stores have a small table or tables along the narrow sidewalks for their rum buying customers and a karaoke machine assist in blocking the sidewalks.

In many of the old areas the sidewalks are filled with vendor's shacks, tents or some other type of hurried shelter to sell goods. The sidewalks belong to the vendors and the pedestrian is left to find his own way around the ugly obstructions. These small vendor shacks on the sidewalks block the store buildings behind and I still wonder why the store owners allow the vendors to block their stores. The old neighborhood streets and sidewalks in most areas are filthy. Trash is all over the streets, chickens are tied to utility poles or street signs as well as dogs. Many of the old homes along the city's commercial streets may or may not have running water and a sewer system. Many people use the streets and sidewalks as their bathroom and even bath on the sidewalks. The infrastructure of the old neighborhoods is almost non-existent. There is poor drainage, poor sewer systems, and electric lines hang low to the ground with hundreds of wires attached carelessly to a single wimpy pole. I often wonder how trucks make it under these wires without hitting the wire. In many cases the bigger trucks do indeed hit the wires and knock out power to large section of the city.

The one thing that stood out for me as we past by all these areas in the taxi was the people all seemed happy. Despite, what I saw as great poverty and terrible living conditions, these people, or least many people were happy. Although, most of the people I saw were rushing down the sidewalks going about their daily routine. I thought these people are doing the same thing as other people do in any major city around the world. Yet, my first visit in Cebu City opened my eyes to the fact that at the very least, the city was poverty stricken or had a large population that lived in poverty.

After about 30 minutes riding in the taxi we came into a much nicer area of the city and there like an oasis in the middle of all the poverty was this beautiful Hotel and a large modern shopping mall next to it, as well as several large modern well maintain high rise buildings. The scene was a stark difference to the old areas of the city. This area could be found in any modern US city and looked very much like a commercial area of a US city. The area is called the Ayala Business Park and the Ayala Mall. This is modern Cebu City and it is everything you would find in any modern city.

Once at the Hotel, the Marriott, I checked into a very nice room and we all went to the dinning room for a pleasant lunch. Soon after that it was just Judith and I as her sister went home. Judith then took me across the park to the Ayala Mall, just a five minute walk and once inside the mall I was amazed. The stores were the same as in the US, Ace Hardware, Levi, MacDonald's and so on. Plus, several Philippine Department stores and many different types of restaurants and coffee shops. All the store clerks and sale people spoke English and most all the Filipinos walking through the stores were speaking English. Others used a mix of English and their native Cebuano. All the store signs are written in English and the restaurant menus are written in English. In many ways I felt as if I just traveled 20 plus hours from Florida to be in a US city.

Although there were many other foreigners in the mall many Filipinos walking by asked where I was from and in general everyone was very friendly to me. While at the mall I bought a few souvenir type things to take home and Judith and I just did a lot of window shopping. I was happy to see the prices of most things in the stores were very cheap compared to the US. At that time one US dollar bought 56.00 pesos. Today it's one dollar to about 44.00 Pesos. Still a good deal, but today I'm careful in my spending. By the middle of the afternoon I was ready for some sleep after my long flight to Cebu. Judith went home and I retired to my hotel room.

The next morning Judith was at the hotel bright and early and we had breakfast at the hotel and then off to see the city and some of the beach resorts. Cebu has wonderful and beautiful resorts and all very affordable. The resorts are all well maintained and modern. The biggest population of customers at the resorts are foreigners and the staff Filipino. I quickly change my opinion of the city from a poverty stricken third world to a modern commercial and tourist city with a few old areas that needed a lot of help.

During my trip to Cebu we went into the old area of Colon. Colon is the oldest street in the country and has several landmarks. However, Colon is a dirty area of very old and poorly maintained buildings. Prostitution is a major problem in the Colon area as is street crime. There are some wonderful markets and great bargains to be found in Colon, but not an area for the new tourist to wander alone. Hotels can be had for a really cheap price in Colon. Some just .00 a night, but these hotels cater to those picking up street girls and both the girls and the rooms are really dirty. Last year Judith and I stayed at two different Colon Hotels. We went into the city for our monthly shopping trip from Camotes Islands. We decided to try the hotels as they are cheap and close to many of the outside markets. I would never stay at either of these hotels again. The best words to describe them is old, filthy, rat infested and full of prostitutes. Both of these hotels seem to cater to single foreign men and any girls the men may find at the Colon bars or on the streets. The area has several little Bikini type bars with Bar Girls (Prostitutes) also called GRO's. Unless you are looking for a prostitute there is little reason to go to Colon after dark and even then one needs to be very careful. This is not intended to say that all of Colon is bad. There are some nice stores and restaurants in Colon. I enjoy shopping in the Colon area, but one needs to use caution in Colon.

During my first visit I saw most all the areas of Cebu City and felt safe at all times. Of course we didn't go into the old parts of the city after dark. Rather we were at the resorts or around Ayala Park and these are all very safe and enjoyable areas.I would recommend Cebu City to anyone that wants to go to a great resort and spend time on a beautiful beach, go diving, take a boat tour of the outer islands and not spend a lot of money. There is just so much to do in Cebu City and so many great things to see. Staying at any of the resorts is very affordable just about .00 per night and some as high as 0.00. Dinner at restaurants is also very cheap. Meals at nice restaurants can cost just .00 to .00 for two people, I had a wonderful time during my first visit. However, I had Judith as my tour guide and as my girlfriend. I'm not sure I would have liked Cebu City as much as I did if Judith wasn't with me during the first trip.

Soon after my first visit to Cebu City I moved from Florida to Cebu City in 2004. By this time Judith and I were engaged to marry and I wanted to live in Camotes Islands. However, we decided to live in the city while looking for land to build a house in Camotes. Camotes Islands are a rural province of Cebu and just two hours from the city by boat. We rented a brand new two bedroom house in the Lahug area of Cebu City. The monthly rent was just 5.00 plus our TV cable for about .00 a month. The house was located on a hillside overlooking the city and close to everything we needed. Lahug is a very nice area and now there are many new housing sub-divisions built in the area. Our monthly budget while living in Lahug was approximately 0.00 and that included the rent, utilities, food, taxi cabs and even lots of dinners at restaurants and entertainment. I assume if we still lived in Lahug the budget would be just a few more dollars a month.

Within just a couple of weeks after moving into the Lahug house I felt as if Cebu was my city and I really enjoyed the city life. The city has many things to offer the foreigner and the city is always trying to attract more foreign retirees. It truly is a foreign (expat) friendly city. The largest group of foreigners in Cebu is Korean then Americans, Australians, British and Japanese. There are no racial tensions or problems in the city that I am aware of and the city is very safe. However, like any major world city there is crime, but using common safeguards and precautions one can have a happy life in Cebu City. Driving in the city is something I have never attempted and I don't think I ever will drive in the city. The taxi cabs can get you almost anywhere in the city for .00 to .00 and that's fine for me.

Shopping in the city is great and there are products from all over the world in Filipino stores. Many food stores stock western brands so you will never get homesick for your favorite foods from home. The outside markets, located all over the city offer great bargains and it's always fun to negotiate prices with the vendors. Cable TV is available in the city and it offers many American shows and news programs. You can go to the movie cinemas and see a new release movie for about .00 and the popcorn is just a few pennies. The city has grown since I moved to the Philippines. There are many new gated housing Sub-Divisions that cater to foreign buyers, new high rise condo buildings and the resorts all continue to attract foreigners. The two major malls in the city, Ayala and SM are both expanding. Many of the roads have been upgraded as well as the infrastructure in many areas. The city is a major draw for tourism and is always attempting to bring in more tourist and more foreign retirees.

Any expat on a monthly pension of about ,000.00 can live like a king in Cebu City. You can live on less than ,000.00 but I think ,000.00 is the right figure if you include saving a little each month for emergencies, trips back home and medical needs. The city has very good hospitals and medical cost are much less in the Philippines. Good dental care at very reasonable rates is also available in the Philippines. Many people go to Cebu for medical or dental vacations. Just remember, if you think you want to move to Cebu City do your homework. Do you want to live in a new country? do you want to be separated from your family and grandchildren?, if you are married how does your wife feel about living in Cebu? If you have young children do you want them to live in a new country and what about their education? Do you have the patience and understanding to learn and live in a new culture? Do you have the money to live a good life in Cebu without the need to find work? Do you have enough money to cover any type of emergency that may require five to ten thousand dollars? Finally, what is your reason for wanting to live in a new country? If you can be honest with yourself and have a positive answer for the above questions, then maybe Cebu City is for you?

Remember too, The Philippine economy is struggling. Filipinos with four and six year college degrees are driving taxi cabs or working as store clerks. Unemployment in the country is through the roof. Poverty is a major issue in the country. For all the beauty of the Philippines Poverty continues to destroy many Filipinos and their futures and creates an ugly face to an otherwise beautiful country. Just this week on November 8, 2007 an 11 year old girl in Manila living with her mother, father and little brother in a shanty town hung herself. The reason left in a note from the little girl was because of the poverty she and her family lived. The father not able to find work for months and the mother working for just .00 a day. The little girl had just the night before asked her father for P200.00 for a school project. The father did not have the money, just under .00. All the girl wanted was to finish school and buy a new bike. A simple dream complicated by severe poverty in a country struggling to overcome political corruption and theft. Please remember, what you may spend in just one day in the Philippines is what a Filipino may have to live on for a month. Poverty does indeed take lives.

I truly love my lifestyle in the Philippines, but it took some time, patience, understanding and a few sacrifices to live in the Philippines. I made several mistakes before coming here and a few since living here. I didn't have enough money when I came here in 2004. I've made a few trips back to Florida to do some contract work and then returned to my beloved Camotes Islands. I'm currently away from home on a teaching contract. However, for me, it's worth the price to have just a few months a year in my paradise called Camotes Islands, Cebu, Philippines. I think anyone looking for a great vacation will enjoy Cebu City. Those looking to retire on a modest pension can live well here, but just be sure living in a new country is right for you. Before making a decision to move here it's wise to come on a vacation first and see the city for yourself. Then you can decide if this is the life you want. Once again, for me this is paradise.

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